Notice on Issuing the Trial Measures for Issuing Early Warning Signals of Sudden Meteorological Disasters

(Qi Fa [2004] No.206)

　

Meteorological bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and directly affiliated units:

　　　 In order to standardize the release of early warning signals for sudden meteorological disasters, enhance the national awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, improve the efficiency of the use of early warning information for meteorological disasters, effectively prevent and mitigate meteorological disasters, and protect the safety of the country and people’s lives and property, our bureau has formulated the Trial Measures for the Release of Early Warning Signals for Sudden Meteorological Disasters (hereinafter referred to as the Trial Measures), and we hereby notify you as follows:

　　　 (a) to attach great importance to and effectively organize this work. Timely and accurate release of meteorological disaster warning signals is an important measure to further strengthen meteorological disaster management and improve the ability and level of meteorological public services. All units should attach great importance to it, carefully organize it, pay close attention to its implementation, and earnestly do this work well.

　　　 (two) to actively and steadily promote this work. All units should seriously study and understand the content and essence of this "Trial Measures". For the eastern coastal areas with relatively developed social economy, important large and medium-sized cities and other areas with relatively mature conditions, we should step up the implementation of this work first. For areas with immature conditions or immature projects, we should actively grasp and create conditions to promote this work. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen publicity, strengthen communication with relevant local departments, and solve the way of issuing early warning signals.

　　　 (3) Guangdong, Shanghai, Fujian and other provinces and cities that have carried out this work should strengthen coordination and communication with local governments before the end of the year, and revise the trial measures that have been implemented so as to ensure that there are unified standards nationwide next year and that this work is carried out in a standardized and orderly manner.

　　　 (four) to carry out this work in strict accordance with the standards of the "Trial Measures". If local early warning standards are allowed to be formulated in some areas, such as rainstorm and high temperature, it should be reported to the Department of Prediction and Disaster Reduction of China Meteorological Bureau for approval on the basis of extensive consultation with experts.

　　　 (five) the production of disaster early warning products involved in the "Trial Measures" shall be implemented according to the relevant documents of China Meteorological Bureau.

　

Annex: Trial Measures for Issuing Early Warning Signals of Sudden Meteorological Disasters

Attachment: Early Warning Signals and Defense Guidelines for Sudden Meteorological Disasters

　

　

August 16th, 2004　　　

　

　

　

　

　

Attachment:

Trial Measures for Issuing Early Warning Signals of Sudden Meteorological Disasters

　　　 Article 1 In order to standardize the release of early warning signals of sudden meteorological disasters (hereinafter referred to as early warning signals), enhance the national awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, improve the efficiency of the use of early warning information of meteorological disasters, effectively prevent and mitigate meteorological disasters, and protect the lives and property of the state and people, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Meteorological Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　　 Article 2 These Provisions must be observed in issuing early warning signals of sudden meteorological disasters within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　　 Article 3 The term "early warning signal" as mentioned in these Provisions refers to the warning information icons released to the public by meteorological offices and stations with the right to release for effectively preventing and mitigating sudden meteorological disasters. The early warning signal consists of three parts: name, icon and meaning (see annex).

　　Early warning signals are divided into eleven categories, such as typhoon, rainstorm, high temperature, cold wave, fog, thunderstorm and gale, gale, sandstorm, hail, snowstorm and road icing.

　　　 Early warning signals are generally divided into four levels (IV, III, II and I). According to the severity and urgency of the disaster, the colors are blue, yellow, orange and red in turn, and they are marked in Chinese and English, representing general, heavy, serious and particularly serious respectively. According to the characteristics and early warning ability of different disasters, the early warning grades and standards of different disasters are determined.

　　　 When a variety of meteorological disasters occur or are predicted to occur at the same time, a variety of early warning signals can be issued simultaneously according to the corresponding standards.

　　　 Article 4 The meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at or above the county level shall uniformly issue early warning signals and indicate the areas for early warning of meteorological disasters. No organization or individual may disseminate to the public the early warning signals provided by meteorological stations subordinate to non-competent meteorological departments.

　　　 Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to competent meteorological departments at all levels can only issue early warning signals within the responsibility area of this forecast service. The meteorological observatory at a higher level shall strengthen the technical guidance for the release of early warning signals from the meteorological observatory at a lower level, strengthen the consultation and communication on the release of early warning signals from the meteorological observatory at a higher level and the meteorological observatory at a lower level, and ensure the consistency of the release of early warning signals from the meteorological observatory at a higher level and the meteorological observatory at a lower level.

　　　 Article 5 The competent meteorological departments at all levels shall timely and accurately issue early warning signals, update or cancel the early warning signals in time according to the weather changes, and notify the people’s government at the same level.

　　　 Article 6 The National Meteorological Center and the competent meteorological departments at the provincial level shall, according to the forecasting and early warning capabilities and the weather and climate characteristics, determine the types of early warning signals issued by the responsible areas of this forecasting service and report them to the China Meteorological Bureau for approval; The categories of early warning signals issued by the competent meteorological departments at the city and county levels shall be uniformly determined by the competent meteorological departments at the provincial level and reported to the China Meteorological Bureau for the record.

　　　 Seventh competent meteorological departments at all levels should formulate specific procedures for the production and release of early warning signals, and report them to the competent meteorological departments at higher levels for examination and approval to ensure that the production and release work is standardized and orderly.

　　　 Eighth competent meteorological departments at all levels should make full use of television, radio, Internet, SMS and other means to immediately release early warning signals to the society, and establish early warning signals to release electronic display boards in prominent positions in urban areas. Meteorological authorities at all levels should take the initiative to strengthen communication with radio stations, television stations, urban construction and information management departments, and establish a working mechanism for issuing early warning signals immediately. Specific measures for broadcasting early warning signals shall be jointly formulated by competent meteorological departments at all levels in conjunction with radio, film and television and information industry departments at the same level.

　　　 Ninth competent meteorological departments at all levels should strengthen the infrastructure construction of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning system, early warning signal production and release system, and constantly improve the local early warning level and broadcast quality.

　　　 Tenth competent meteorological departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the provisions of this regulation, compile and publish brochures on meteorological disaster warning signals and preventive measures, and take various means to carry out in-depth publicity.

　　　 Eleventh the provisions by the China Meteorological Bureau forecast and disaster reduction department is responsible for the interpretation of.

　　　 Article 12 These Provisions shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　

　

Attachment:

　

Early warning signals and prevention guidelines for sudden meteorological disasters
　　

A typhoon warning signal

　　Typhoon warning signals are divided into four levels according to approaching time and intensity, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) Typhoon blue warning signal

Icon:

　　　 Meaning: It may be affected by tropical depression within 24 hours, with an average wind force of more than 6 or a gust of more than 7; Or have been affected by the tropical depression, the average wind force is 6 ~ 7, or the gust is 7 ~ 8 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Prepare for windproof;

2. Pay attention to the latest news of tropical depression reported by relevant media and the notice on wind prevention;

3, doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by the wind, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by tropical depression.

(2) Typhoon yellow warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: It may be affected by tropical storms within 24 hours, with an average wind force of more than 8 or a gust of more than 9; Or have been affected by tropical storms, the average wind force is 8-9, or the gust is 9-10 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. It is recommended to suspend classes in kindergartens and nurseries when entering the windproof state;

2, close the doors and windows, residents in dangerous areas and dangerous buildings, and ships should take shelter from the wind, notify outdoor workers such as high altitude and water to stop working, and evacuate the workers in dangerous areas;

3, cut off the neon signs and dangerous outdoor power supply;

4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately;

Other typhoon blue warning signals.

(3) Typhoon orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: it may be affected by a strong tropical storm within 12 hours, with an average wind force of more than 10 or a gust of more than 11; Or have been affected by a strong tropical storm, the average wind force is 10 ~ 11, or the gust is 11 ~ 12 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Enter an emergency windproof state, and suggest that primary and secondary schools suspend classes;

2. Residents should not go out at will to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home;

3. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units should be on duty, closely monitor the disaster situation and implement countermeasures;

4. Stop large-scale indoor gatherings and evacuate people immediately;

5. Strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision;

Other yellow warning signals are the same as typhoon.

(4) Typhoon red warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: It may be or has been affected by typhoon within 6 hours, and the average wind force can reach above 12, or it has reached above 12 and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. It is recommended to suspend business and classes (except for special industries) when entering a special emergency windproof state;

2. Personnel should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, and relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

3. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind;

Other orange warning signals of the same typhoon.

Second, the rainstorm warning signal

The rainstorm warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively. The competent meteorological departments at the provincial level in the northwest and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can formulate rainstorm warning standards according to the actual situation and report them to the China Meteorological Bureau for approval.

(1) yellow rainstorm warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: The rainfall will reach more than 50 mm in 6 hours, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Parents, students and schools should pay special attention to weather changes and take defensive measures;

2. Cover the articles for airing in the open air, and relevant units shall do a good job in drainage and flood prevention in low-lying and flood-prone areas;

3. Drivers should pay attention to road water and traffic jams to ensure safety;

4. Check the drainage system of farmland and fish ponds to reduce the water level of easily flooded fish ponds.

(B) rainstorm orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: The rainfall will reach more than 50 mm in 3 hours, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Suspend outdoor operations in open places, and stay indoors or in a safe place to shelter from the rain as much as possible;

2. Relevant emergency departments and rescue units should strengthen their duty, closely monitor the disaster situation, cut off dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, and implement countermeasures;

3, the traffic management department to deal with water areas to implement traffic guidance or control;

4, the transfer of dangerous areas and dangerous residents to a safe place to shelter from the rain;

Other with yellow rainstorm warning signal.

(3) Rainstorm red warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: The rainfall in 3 hours will reach more than 100 mm, or it has reached more than 100 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense guide:

1, personnel should stay in a safe place, outdoor personnel should immediately to a safe place for temporary shelter;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start the emergency rescue plan at any time;

3. Schools, kindergartens and other relevant units with existing students and workers should take special protective measures, and units in dangerous areas should suspend classes or business and immediately move to safe places for temporary shelter;

Other rainstorm orange warning signals.

Third, the high temperature warning signal

The high temperature warning signal is divided into two levels, which are represented by orange and red respectively. The competent meteorological departments at the provincial level in arid areas may formulate high-temperature early warning standards according to the actual situation and report them to the China Meteorological Bureau for approval.

(A) high temperature orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: The maximum temperature will rise above 37℃ within 24 hours.

Defense guide:

1. Try to avoid outdoor activities at high temperature in the afternoon, provide heatstroke prevention and cooling guidance to the old, weak, sick and young people, and take necessary protective measures;

2, the relevant departments should pay attention to prevent fires caused by excessive electricity consumption, wires, transformers and other power equipment load;

3. Operators working outdoors or under high temperature conditions shall take necessary protective measures;

4. Pay attention to work and rest time, ensure sleep, and prepare some commonly used heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs when necessary;

5, the media should strengthen the propaganda of heatstroke prevention and cooling health care knowledge, all relevant departments and units to implement heatstroke prevention and cooling safeguard measures.

(2) High temperature red warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: The maximum temperature will rise above 40℃ within 24 hours.

Defense guide:

1. Pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling, and minimize outdoor activities during the day;

2, the relevant departments should pay special attention to fire prevention;

3. It is suggested to stop outdoor open-air operations;

Other orange warning signals with high temperature.

Fourth, the cold wave warning signal

The cold wave warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by blue, yellow and orange respectively. The gale standard in the cold wave warning standard, the competent meteorological departments at the provincial level can be formulated according to the actual situation with reference to the following standards, and reported to the China Meteorological Bureau for approval.

(A) cold wave blue warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature will drop by more than 8℃, the minimum temperature will be less than or equal to 4℃, and the average wind power will reach more than 6, or the gust will be more than 7; Or it has dropped by more than 8℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, the average wind force is above 6, or the gust is above 7, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1, personnel should pay attention to add clothes to keep warm, tropical crops and aquaculture varieties should take certain cold and windproof measures;

2. Fasten the doors and windows, coamings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by strong winds, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by cold waves and strong winds;

3. The ship should take shelter from the wind in a sheltered place, and notify outdoor operators such as high altitude and water to stop working;

4. Pay attention to the latest information about the cooling of strong winds reported by the media, so as to take further measures;

5. Be prepared for cold wave and windy weather in production.

(2) Cold wave yellow warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature will drop by more than 12℃, the minimum temperature will be less than or equal to 4℃, and the average wind power will reach more than 6 or the gust will be more than 7; Or it has dropped by more than 12℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, the average wind force is above 6, or the gust is above 7, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1, to do a good job of personnel (especially the old and weak patients) cold warm and windproof;

2, do a good job of livestock and poultry cold and wind, tropical and subtropical fruits and related aquatic products, crops and other breeding varieties to take cold and wind measures;

Other blue warning signals of the same cold wave.

(3) Cold wave orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature will drop by more than 16℃, the minimum temperature will be less than or equal to 0℃, and the average wind power will reach more than 6 or the gust will be more than 7; Or it has dropped by more than 16℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 0℃, the average wind force is above 6, or the gust is above 7, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1, strengthen personnel (especially the old and weak patients) cold warm and windproof work;

2. Further improve the cold, warmth and wind protection of livestock and poultry;

3. Agriculture, aquaculture and animal husbandry should actively take measures to prevent frost, freezing and strong winds to minimize losses;

Other yellow warning signals with cold wave.

Five, fog warning signal

The fog warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) Fog yellow warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: Dense fog with visibility less than 500 meters may appear within 12 hours, or dense fog with visibility less than 500 meters and greater than or equal to 200 meters has already appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Drivers should pay attention to the change of dense fog and drive carefully;

2. Pay attention to traffic safety at airports, highways and ferry terminals.

(2) Fog orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: Dense fog with visibility less than 200 meters may appear within 6 hours, or dense fog with visibility less than 200 meters and greater than or equal to 50 meters has already appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Dense fog significantly reduces the air quality, so residents need proper protection;

2. Due to the low visibility, drivers should control the speed to ensure safety;

3, airports, highways, ferry terminals to take measures to ensure traffic safety.

(3) Fog red warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: Strong fog with visibility less than 50 meters may appear within 2 hours, or strong fog with visibility less than 50 meters has already appeared and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Airports in areas affected by strong fog have suspended the take-off and landing of aircraft, and highways and ferries have been temporarily closed or suspended;

2, all kinds of motor vehicles to take effective measures to ensure safety.

Six, thunderstorm gale warning signal

Thunderstorm and gale warning signals are divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) Blue warning signal of thunderstorm and gale

Icon:

Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 6 hours, and the average wind force can reach above 6, or the gust is above 7 accompanied by lightning; Or it has been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, and the average wind force has reached 6-7, or the gust is 7-8 accompanied by lightning, and it may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Prepare for wind and lightning protection;

2. Pay attention to the latest news about thunderstorms and strong winds reported by the media and the notice about wind prevention, so that students stay in a safe place;

3, the doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures easily blown by the wind, personnel should leave the temporary structures as soon as possible, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by thunderstorms and strong winds.

(2) Yellow warning signal of thunderstorm and gale

Icon:

Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 6 hours, with an average wind force of more than 8, or a gust of more than 9 accompanied by strong lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of 8-9, or gusts of 9-10 accompanied by strong lightning, and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Keep the valuable electrical equipment vulnerable to lightning properly, and put it in a safe place after power failure;

2. Residents in dangerous areas and dangerous buildings, as well as ships, should take shelter from the wind in sheltered places. Never take shelter from the rain under trees, poles or tower cranes. When there is lightning, you should turn off your mobile phone.

3, cut off the neon signs and dangerous outdoor power supply;

4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately;

5, high altitude, water and other outdoor workers to stop work, the danger zone personnel evacuation;

Other blue warning signals for thunderstorms and strong winds.

(3) orange warning signal of thunderstorm and gale

Icon:

　　Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 2 hours, with an average wind force of more than 10 or a gust of more than 11, accompanied by strong lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of 10-11, or gusts of 11-12 accompanied by strong lightning, and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Personnel shall not go out and ensure to stay in the safest place;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start the emergency rescue plan at any time;

3. Strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring and collision;

Other yellow warning signals for thunderstorms and strong winds.

(4) Thunderstorms and strong winds in red warning signal

Icon:
　　Meaning: It may be affected by thunderstorms and strong winds within 2 hours, and the average wind force can reach above 12 with strong lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of more than 12 and strong lightning, and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Enter a particularly emergency windproof state;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start the emergency rescue plan at any time;

Other orange warning signals for thunderstorms and strong winds.

Seven, strong wind warning signal

　　　 The warning signal of gale (except typhoon, thunderstorm and gale) is divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　　 (A) gale blue warning signal

　　Icon:

　　Meaning: It may be affected by strong winds within 24 hours, with an average wind force of more than 6 or a gust of more than 7; Or have been affected by strong winds, the average wind force is 6-7, or the gust is 7-8 and may continue.

　　Defense guide:

　　　 1. Prepare for windproof;

　　　 2. Pay attention to the latest news about the gale reported by the media and the notice about wind prevention;

　　　 3, the doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by the wind, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by strong winds.

　　　 (2) Gale yellow warning signal

　　Icon:

　　Meaning: It may be affected by strong winds within 12 hours, with an average wind force of more than 8 or a gust of more than 9; Or have been affected by strong winds, the average wind force is 8-9, or the gust is 9-10 and may continue.

　　Defense guide:

　　　 1. It is recommended to suspend classes in kindergartens and nurseries when entering the windproof state;

　　　 2, close the doors and windows, dangerous areas and dangerous residents and ships should take shelter from the wind, and notify outdoor workers such as high altitude and water to stop working;

　　　 3, cut off the neon signs and dangerous outdoor power supply;

　　　 4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately;

　　　 Other blue warning signals with strong wind.

　　　 (3) Gale orange warning signal

　　Icon:

　　 Meaning: It may be affected by strong winds within 6 hours, with an average wind force of more than 10 or a gust of more than 11; Or have been affected by strong winds, the average wind force is 10-11, or the gust is 11-12 and may continue.

　　Defense guide:

　　　 1. Enter an emergency windproof state, and suggest that primary and secondary schools suspend classes;

　　　 2. Residents should not go out at will to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home;

　　　 3. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units should be on duty, closely monitor the disaster situation and implement countermeasures;

　　　 4. Strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring and colliding;

　　　 Other yellow warning signals with strong wind.

　　　 (4) Gale red warning signal

　　Icon:

　　Meaning: There may be a gale with an average wind force of more than 12 within 6 hours, or there has been a gale with an average wind force of more than 12 and it may continue.

　　Defense guide:

　　　 1. It is recommended to suspend business and classes (except for special industries) when entering a special emergency windproof state;

　　　 2. Personnel should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, and relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start emergency rescue plans at any time;

　　　 Other orange warning signals with strong wind.

Eight, sandstorm warning signal

The warning signal of sandstorm is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(A) the yellow warning signal of sandstorm

Icon:

Meaning: sandstorm weather may occur within 24 hours (visibility is less than 1000 meters) or sandstorm weather has occurred and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Prepare for wind and sand prevention, and close the doors and windows in time;

2, pay attention to carry masks, scarves and other dust supplies, so as to avoid dust damage to the eyes and respiratory tract; Do a good job of sealing precision instruments;

3. Fasten the structures that are easily blown by the wind, such as hoardings, scaffolding and temporary structures, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by sandstorms.

(B) Strong sandstorm orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: Strong sandstorm weather may occur within 12 hours (visibility is less than 500 meters), or it has already occurred and may continue.

Defense guide:

1. Pedestrians who cover their heads with gauze to defend against sandstorms should ensure good sight and pay attention to traffic safety;

2. Pay attention to riding bicycles as little as possible, and don’t stay on billboards, temporary structures and old trees when it is windy; Drivers should pay attention to the change of sandstorm and drive carefully;

3. Pay attention to traffic safety at airports, highways and ferry terminals;

4, all kinds of motor vehicles to take effective measures to ensure safety;

Other yellow warning signals of sandstorm.

(3) Extremely strong sandstorm in red warning signal.

Icon:

Meaning: Extreme sandstorm weather may occur within 6 hours (visibility is less than 50 meters), or it has already occurred and may continue.

Defense guide:

1, personnel should stay in a windproof and safe place, don’t outdoor activities; Postpone going to school or leaving school until the end of the particularly strong sandstorm;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start the emergency rescue plan at any time;

3. Airports in areas affected by extremely strong sandstorms are suspended from taking off and landing, and highways and ferries are temporarily closed or suspended;

Others are the same as the orange warning signal of sandstorm.

Nine, hail warning signal

Hail warning signals are divided into two levels, which are represented by orange and red respectively.

(1) Hail orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: there may be hail accompanied by lightning weather within 6 hours, and it may cause hail disaster.

Defense guide:

1, pay attention to the weather changes, prepare for hail suppression and lightning protection;

2, proper placement of outdoor items, cars, etc., which are easily affected by hail;

3. Old people and children should not go out and stay at home;

4. Drive poultry and livestock to a safe place with a canopy;

5. Don’t enter isolated shacks, sentry boxes and other buildings or under big trees, and turn off your mobile phone when there is lightning;

6. Prepare for the operation of artificial hail suppression and wait for an opportunity to carry out artificial hail suppression.

(2) Hail red warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: There is a great possibility of hail accompanied by lightning weather within 2 hours, and it may cause heavy hail disaster.

Defense guide:

1, outdoor pedestrians immediately to a safe place for temporary shelter;

2. Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units are ready to start the emergency rescue plan at any time;

Other hail orange warning signals.

Ten, snow disaster warning signal

Snow disaster warning signals are divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(A) Snowstorm Yellow Warning Signal

Icon:

Meaning: There may be snowfall that has an impact on traffic or animal husbandry within 12 hours.

Defense guide:

1, the relevant departments to prepare for snow;

2. The transportation department should prepare for road snow melting;

3, agricultural and pastoral areas to prepare food and grass.

(B) Snowstorm orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: There may be snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry within 6 hours, or there has been snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry and may continue.　

Defense guide:

1, the relevant departments to do a good job of road cleaning and snow melting;

2. Drivers should drive carefully to ensure safety;

3. Drive the wild livestock into the pen to feed;

Other yellow warning signals of the same snowstorm.

(3) Snowstorm in red warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: within 2 hours, there may be snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry, or there has been snowfall that has a great impact on traffic or animal husbandry and may continue.　

Defense guide:

1. Close road traffic when necessary;

2. Relevant emergency departments are ready to start the emergency plan at any time;

3. Do a good job in disaster relief in pastoral areas;

Other orange warning signals of the same snowstorm.

Eleven, road icing warning signal

The warning signal of road icing is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(A) road icing yellow warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: There may be road icing that has an impact on traffic within 12 hours.

Defense guide:

1, transportation, public security and other departments should do a good job in preparation;

2. Drivers should pay attention to road conditions and exercise safely.

(B) Road icing orange warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: There may be road icing that has a great impact on traffic within 6 hours.

Defense guide:

1. Pedestrians should pay attention to anti-skid when going out;

2, public security departments pay attention to command and guide the exercise of vehicles;

3. Drivers should take anti-skid measures, obey orders and exercise slowly;

Other yellow warning signals for icing on the same road.

(3) Road icing red warning signal

Icon:

Meaning: There may be or has been road icing that has a great impact on traffic within 2 hours.

Defense guide:

1, the relevant emergency departments ready to start the emergency plan;

2. Close icy road traffic when necessary;

Other orange warning signals for icing on the same road.

A wonderful cultural feast, steaming and gathering popularity, people’s lives are rich and colorful because of the supply of folk activities. Silver flowers fall from the fire tree, and all the stars bloom … spoonfuls of hot molten iron are sprinkled into the night sky, and the molten iron falling all over the sky is cracked, turning into thousands of Mars blooming in the night sky, like fireworks and a galaxy meteor. Tie Hua originated in the Northern Song Dynasty and has a history of more than a thousand years. It is a folk activity for blacksmiths to celebrate the harvest and pray for peace.

　　Beijing, April 29 (Reporter Yang Boyu) According to the Voice of China "News Night" report, some surveys show that about 78.6% of households in China have spare drugs. However, once the drug expires, its chemical composition, effectiveness and toxicity may change. Recently, some media reported that although family expired drugs have been clearly listed in the National Hazardous Waste List, for a long time, expired drugs have faced the embarrassing situation of no one recycling, nowhere recycling and difficult recycling. It is difficult to recover expired drugs. What is the difficulty?

　　Although expired drugs have multiple risks to people’s health and living environment, many people have not realized the harm of expired drugs for a long time. In a third-class hospital in Beijing, a patient who is prescribing drugs said that expired drugs at home are generally discarded with domestic garbage. Another patient said that although he was worried that discarded drugs would be reused by criminals, the destination of expired drugs could only be the garbage bin. "I usually take the medicine out of the package one by one. I am afraid that someone or someone who picks up waste will see this medicine. I don’t know if it is an expired medicine and it is bad." In the interview, the reporter found that many people have insufficient understanding of the dangers of expired drugs and lack the awareness of active recycling.

　　Relevant experts said that after the drug expires, its efficacy will be reduced and mildew will occur. If it is taken by mistake, it may cause adverse reactions. The chemical substances of some expired drugs will decompose, and the new substances will easily lead to allergies, diarrhea and even life-threatening. If discarded casually, it may also pollute the air, water and soil. At the same time, some unscrupulous traders buy expired drugs and put them on the market after "renovation and processing", which not only harms the health of the people, but also disrupts the order of the drug market.

　　Although expired drugs have multiple hazards and risks, recycling has always been a long-standing problem. Most people have never heard of the recycling channels of expired drugs in their lives. Can the hospital have corresponding channels for the recovery of expired drugs? The reporter consulted a third-class hospital, and the staff of the hospital also said that they had never heard of recycling drugs.

　　Later, the reporter visited a number of chain pharmacies, and the staff also said that pharmacies did not recycle expired drugs. "Chain pharmacies generally listen to the arrangement of the headquarters, and have not worked here for such a long time. It can only be organized or authorized by the pharmaceutical industry association and the Food and Drug Administration. It is not a pharmacy that wants to recycle it, and it can’t be thrown casually. Others don’t know what to do if they find it or use it indiscriminately. "

　　Relevant surveys show that about 78.6% families in China have small family medicine boxes. Among them, 30% to 40% of drugs have expired for more than 3 years, and more than 80% of families have no habit of cleaning medicine boxes regularly. About 15,000 tons of expired drugs are produced in the country every year. Wang Yue, a professor at Peking University Institute of Medical Humanities, said that the proportion of expired drugs correctly handled in China is extremely low, which is not unrelated to the widespread drug waste. He said: "At present, about 20% of expired drugs in China can be properly handled. In addition, the phenomenon of drug waste in China is very serious. The reason why there are a large number of expired drugs is because our family reserves too many drugs. How to improve the utilization rate of drugs and reduce the number of drug reserves at home is also something that the new drug administration law should consider, such as establishing a sub-packaging system for drugs, that is, hospitals should no longer sell whole boxes of drugs as they do now, and be more economical and more economical, and avoid the waste of expired drugs. "

　　Wang Yue believes that although the current Drug Administration Law clearly requires the production, sale and use of drugs, it has not established a recycling system for expired drugs. "First of all, many drugs contain harmful ingredients, which is often said to be three-point drugs, such as anti-tumor drugs, which have very toxic substances, so the proper handling of expired drugs is of great significance to environmental safety and environmental sanitation. At present, we have not established a legal system for the recovery of expired drugs, which can be added to the Drug Administration Law, which is being revised recently. Because developed countries have relatively perfect systems for the recovery of expired drugs, for example, in the United States and Japan, the enterprise recovery model is generally used, that is, people make a phone call and enterprises can come to replace expired drugs. There is also Germany, which has set up corresponding recycling channels and recycling windows in pharmacies. "

　　It is understood that although some local regulations on the treatment of expired drugs have been issued in various places, they only stay at the level of "measures" and "opinions". At present, the recovery of expired drugs in families is only implemented by public welfare activities of individual enterprises or government departments. How to solve the problem of expired drug recycling? Voice of China will continue to pay attention.

　　Zhang Ailing said, "Be famous before it’s too late", which is the most appropriate sentence in today’s entertainment circle and fashion circle. Many popular child stars had a high popularity and popularity when they were four or five years old. Recently, Xiao Bian found a little online celebrity whose name is Pei Jiaxin on Tik Tok. Although she is only 9 years old this year, she already has 7.6 million fans on Tik Tok! How popular is she? You can casually ask your friends who brush Tik Tok around you: Who is the Little Goddess of Tik Tok? Everyone definitely said Pei Jiaxin’s name at once, and Lian Guomin’s husband Wang Sicong paid attention to her.

　　Yan Jiaxin’s face value is really too high. In Xiaobian’s eyes, she is simply the representative of the perfect girl. At an early age, she has multiple identities such as model and actress. She is not only good-looking, but also can wear and act. Interested parents, please go to Tik Tok to find her.

　　This face value is really super beautiful and durable. It is also willing to be screened by such a little beauty every day.

　　It’s a pity that you don’t film because of your high face value and good temperament. In the drama series of several fires in 2018, you can see the small figure of Yan Jiaxin. In the new version of Summer of Bubbles, Xiao Jiaxin plays the heroine Xia Mo when she was a child. This face value really has its own filter.

　　At present, Xiao Jiaxin plays the heroine Yunxi Han in the popular "Legend of Yunxi", and her acting skills are getting better and better when she was a child.

　　After Pei Jiaxin’s photos spread on the Internet, they attracted more and more elder sister powder and mother powder, and more and more people loved her. However, with the love, fans will be a little worried about whether she will be too busy and delay her studies when she is only 9 years old. This is also the common doubt of the public about the phenomenon of "child stars": whether premature contact with society is conducive to the growth of children.

　　However, at present, these worries are superfluous. Pei Jiaxin, like other children of this age, goes to school and plays normally and has a happy and carefree childhood. Most of what I share on Tik Tok is my daily life, and the external plane and film shooting are all done with my parents. Her life is still dominated by study. Even when there is a "job", Xiao Jiaxin will not relax in her studies.

　　Even though she is more "busy" than other children, Xiao Jiaxin can make extra studies and supplements while finishing school work. She has been insisting on strengthening her English ability. As long as she has time, she will learn English online and practice oral English with her favorite foreign teachers. How can such a beautiful, talented and hard-working child make people dislike it? Say it immediately if you like it. Go to Tik Tok and pay attention to her.

　　From this point of view, Pei Jiaxin’s parents have done a good job in balancing their children’s life, studies and "work" and have not delayed their studies because of their children’s fame. In fact, these "jobs" are more like a kind of fun and exercise. Children are interested in it and enjoy it. At the same time, they can exercise their ability to show themselves and cultivate self-confidence. Why not? As long as parents can supervise, guide and control from the side, these are precious experiences and good memories on the road of children’s growth.

　　Xiao Bian sincerely wishes that more and more excellent children like Pei Jiaxin will appear, and wishes all children a pure, happy and confident childhood.

Two days ago, Yang Mi took a Reuters when he was filming Thank You Doctor, which made me open my eyes.

Motorcycle leather, standing on the street.

Take off your helmet and gently touch a hair.

Help! It’s so cool! Good whisper!

The point is, doctors who ride motorcycles to work are too cool.

The touching design has already hung my appetite. Yesterday, "Thank You Doctor" just came online, so I rushed to watch it for the first time.

Just a detail makes my eyes shine-

The doctor’s white coat is finally buttoned one by one!

Thankfully, doctors in domestic dramas finally didn’t wear white coats as windbreakers just to be handsome.

Take another look, I’m stuck.

In the whole five episodes, the male and female masters don’t say that they are right-eyed, but they are actually fighting for the whole process.

Thank you, Doctor, understands the audience.

This time, the domestic drama is no longer a love drama, but a down-to-earth shot of the human world in the emergency room.

With real cases, sincere feelings and thinking about life and death, it hit my heart like a sharp scalpel.

　Doctors, first people.

The pregnant woman’s heart stopped and her pulse was weak, and she was unconscious in the street.

What to do! ! !

good newsTwo senior doctors were present.

bad newsThey made a completely different response plan.

XiaoyanHe once worked in the Affiliated Hospital of Lausanne University, Switzerland, and has many years of experience in battlefield medical assistance.

In the case of power failure, lack of blood and lack of equipment, operate on critically ill patients. At the same time, Xiao Yan has a big heart.

After quickly judging the patient’s condition, she advocated not moving the pregnant woman and waiting for the ambulance.

rhizome of large-headed atractylodesThe youngest surgical star outside the heart of Tongshan Hospital.

He believes that pregnant women should be sent to the hospital immediately considering the morning rush hour road conditions..

This geek with ridiculously strong business ability takes the patient’s life seriously.

Therefore, he is extremely angry with this woman in front of him.

Unfortunately, Xiao Yan has his own insistence and will not budge.

Until the cell phone rang, the two learned about the medical history of pregnant women from the mother’s mouth, and aortic sinus aneurysm that would rupture at any time.

High burning time——

Xiao Yan and Atractylodes macrocephala looked at each other and reached an agreement.

Life is the biggest, and the patient must be sent to the hospital at once.

Two doctors and a phone call, this pregnant woman saved her life.

But even with a good result,Xiao Yan and Atractylodes macrocephala have also made a thorough marriage.

Xiao Yan felt that Atractylodes macrocephala was reckless and opinionated; Atractylodes macrocephala thinks Xiao Yan is rigid and reckless.

So, what is the blessing of EICU (Emergency Intensive Care Unit) in Tongshan Hospital!

Just established, I have these two giant buddhas at the same time-

One is an ice beauty with a motorcycle leather coat and long hair and red lips, much like the dashing doctor of a rock singer; One is the unruly king of flag, and all departments can’t avoid it.

How strong and strange these two people are, how not to deal with them, and the "smoke" of strong confrontation is everywhere, which is really funny and emotional.

Oral confrontation is already the most elementary way of fighting.

Atractylodes macrocephala has a high heart and never speaks ill of anyone behind his back. He says it to his face.

First spit out Xiao Yan as a doctor and also buy and sell medical devices part-time, and then divergent thinking thinks she is black-hearted.

Xiao Yan came to you, but he still didn’t converge and continued to provoke.

As a result, Xiao Yan was speechless with a well-founded explanation.

She has medical equipment books only because she did stateless rescue in West Asia before and had no access to the latest equipment.

She changed her work unit and wanted to do her homework early.

It doesn’t seem to be the style of Atractylodes macrocephala. He rushed to open the ultimate battlefield:Professional competition.

Help Xiao Yan find a loophole in the surgical plan and break back a game.

Everyone praised Xiao Yan for his beautiful operation, and he clung to a broken blood vessel.

The two men went from "the battle for pregnant women" to "the mysterious suffocation case of the male university" and finally to "the old couple contracted by separate production" ……

The more fights, the less misunderstandings and the more understanding.

We found that Xiao Yan had a passion for medicine under the cold appearance, and under the perverse character of Atractylodes macrocephala, he had the ultimate pursuit of medicine.

　

Including themselves, have gradually found the bright spot in each other.

Xiao Yan is as stubborn as Atractylodes macrocephala.

The one-way street in front of the hospital prevented the ambulance from going straight to the emergency room.

The few seconds that the detour was delayed made Xiao Yan really care.

She just joined the company and made this suggestion in front of the dean and director, with a firm attitude.

Atractylodes macrocephala is as gentle as Xiao Yan.

He would sneak into the funeral of a former patient, not disturbing the relatives and friends of the deceased, and bow in the corner.

Double strong collision, so that two doctors who covered themselves with armor confronted each other, willing to show their soft inside.

It also allows us to see the multi-faceted and three-dimensional image of doctors and vivid hospital life.

Professional and passionate.

He is a doctor and a comrade-in-arms.

In addition to the refreshing image of the doctor, the more real thing about Thank You Doctor is that it depicts the doctor-patient relationship carefully and profoundly.

Family members of patients will complain and vent because of excessive pain.

Atractylodes macrocephala completed a perfect operation for Zhang Lao, which gave the respected linguist enough time to finish his work.

Zhang Lao, who survived the extremely dangerous operation, fell off the hospital bed and died unexpectedly because of a stroke.

For 40 minutes, Atractylodes macrocephala, who came in a hurry, was rescued for 40 minutes, but Zhang Lao was still not taken back from God.

After he was depressed, he had to face the complaint of Zhang Lao’s grandson, demanding that Atractylodes macrocephala bow in front of Zhang Lao’s grave to apologize, or he would go to court.

Also often concerned about chaos, overreaction..

The boy fell, and his forehead broke on the road tooth. Xiao Yan confirmed that it was an ordinary skin injury after examination.

However, parents are not at ease, and they insist on putting their children in EICU for a few more days. If they are hospitalized, they will complain if they don’t live.

Who can stand this?

Facing the unpredictable human heart and humanity, doctors have gradually explored an effective self-protection mechanism.

Like a child prodigy.Director LuI know this well.

Parents want their children to be hospitalized. Why not?

Director Lu enthusiastically and patiently took them for a walk in front of the patient who vomited the most.

Defeated the enemy without fighting, and successfully persuaded him to retreat.

Xiao Yan: I learned, I learned.

Director Lu, who has worked for many years, can’t help feeling:"The emergency department is the place where human nature is most thoroughly exposed".

Yu Jia’s father and daughter taught a lesson to young doctors in the emergency room.

My daughter Yu Mingming suffered from uremia and refused to do dialysis again and again.

Being sensible like her is not afraid of pain, but of spending too much money.

Father Yu’s face was old and worn out. When he heard the child’s words, he burst into tears and sobbed:

"Dad has money, and Dad has plenty of money."

A pair of bad karma’s father and daughter who support each other can’t help but feel sad and jealous.

Looking down again, Xiao Yan found something wrong.

Dad Yu didn’t give Mingming dialysis on time, which caused Mingming’s condition to deteriorate to an irreparable level.

Even, he didn’t do a kidney transplant with Mingming.

Such a move began to make everyone wonder, is he really a father who loves his daughter so much?

People always like to judge by the facts they see.

However, seeing is not necessarily believing.

Dr. Tang Hua in the emergency room couldn’t help feeling strange about Yu Dad.

The truth is revealed, but it is another more unimaginable and touching story.

I didn’t do chemotherapy on time, because my father’s cognitive level was limited.

He thought that Mingming could save money for chemotherapy without being too uncomfortable, and save more money for coming to a big hospital for treatment in the future.

He didn’t have a kidney transplant because he wasn’t Mingming’s biological father.

Going to match is afraid that the insecure Mingming will find this secret, which will only increase her troubles.

The hardships and forbearance of ordinary people have added a hundred turns to this story.

Director Lu’ s words are not finished.Exposed human nature has both good and evil..

There are many patients in the world with limited knowledge, limited ability and limited wealth like Yu Dad.

They tried their best, but it was still not enough.

Ordinary people don’t understand the doctor’s specialty, and doctors don’t understand the situation of ordinary people, which often leads to discord.

In EICU, we can not only see the wonderful life of meeting, but also see the importance of understanding and trust:

Patients should not deify doctors, and doctors can’t judge patients.

They were supposed to be comrades-in-arms on the same front when fighting disease and death.

Medicine or human science

Of course, once life and death are involved, the problem becomes extremely complicated. Even among doctors, there is friction of ideas.

From the beginning, the differences between Atractylodes macrocephala and Xiao Yan have been very clearly before our eyes.

Atractylodes macrocephala, as the favored son of cardiac surgery, thinks that a good doctor should be likemachineJust as perfect, always remain calm and rational, and don’t let anything other than illness affect your judgment.

So far, there has never been a failed operation case, which also makes him believe in his theory.

However, Xiao Yan, who has been exercising in the field hospital for many years, has seen more difficulties and sufferings other than diseases.

Compared with an elite like Baizhu who works in a large hospital with superior conditions, she has morebasic decency, but also more understanding.

Just say a small case.

Male college students who suddenly fell into a coma on the court could not wake up for a long time.

When Atractylodes macrocephala and his party searched for various reasons but had no clue, Xiao Yan found the crux at a glance:

Chewing gum, foreign body inhalation.

Unlike Atractylodes macrocephala, she doesn’t focus on the symptoms and complicate the problem, but starts from the patient’s own situation and solves the problem easily with a little common sense of life.

Although the concept of saving lives is different, it is undeniable that both of them are doctors who are really good for patients.

Baizhu alwaysDecide for the patientThe best treatment plan.

He has always disliked conservative treatment. In his view, it is irresponsible to patients and shows that he has not tried his best.

Ordinary people who are blind in the hospital are very lucky to meet a doctor like Atractylodes macrocephala.

He did save many patients’ lives from the jaws of death.

Xiao Yan will give professional advice, but eventuallyRespect the opinions of patients and their families..

For example, Nikki, a high-risk pregnant woman, insists on having children. At first glance, what kind of wife literature is this?

It was discovered that Nikki’s husband was a firefighter who died heroically to save people, and she wanted to give birth to this child for him.

Everyone has different opinions on the matter of "leaving the hero behind", butDoctors can’t judge patients’ choices from their own value standpoint..

Xiao Yan helped in Africa and saved many local women who would rather die than have children.

At first, she couldn’t accept this reality either, but later she realized that they were not connected with their own destiny.

She learned to put herself in their shoes, listen to the demands of these vulnerable women, and try to save their uterus even if there are risks.

Respecting patients’ opinions is actually not as easy as imagined. Whether they give up or take risks, doctors are more aware of what is behind each choice.

On this day, EICU sent an old couple, and their physical condition was not optimistic.

Grandpa’s acute pancreatitis was discovered by Atractylodes macrocephala in time and successfully treated.

Xiao Yan listened to the grandmother’s words and helped her with the operation, but the result failed to survive.

Separated by a curtain, the couple have been separated from each other since then.

But can you say that it is wrong to listen to patients?

The reason why grandma insisted on the operation was because she couldn’t let go of her wife.

Grandpa insisted on not letting her have surgery, for fear that her body could not bear it.

Couples who have been caring for each other for 60 years think of each other first before life and death.

The simplest and deepest love is nothing more than this.

But all the risks are clear to the grandmother who has worked in medical care all her life.

At the age of 90, she was more afraid of lying in bed for the rest of her life than dying.

Some people want to extend the length of life to the greatest extent, while others want to live with more quality.

Besides taking care of my wife, grandma’s sentence "Besides, I want to play myself" is really cute and powerful.

I like her understanding of medicine-Know one’s destiny as best one can.

The word "destiny" is just as appropriate for Chen Lao, who appeared first.

Who would have thought that the elderly who survived the operation would eventually die of a small turn?

This accident also taught Atractylodis Macrocephala a lesson.

There are too many places beyond medical power in the face of birth, illness, death and illness.

At the beginning, both Chen Lao and other experts hoped for conservative treatment, and Atractylodes macrocephala was the only one who opposed it.

Atractylodes macrocephala puzzled:

If you are fully capable of restoring patients’ health, why not fight for the best choice in front of you?

He did do it for the good of his patients,But his kindness is "parental" and "God"..

He doesn’t really substitute the feelings of patients and their families like Xiao Yan or the teacher.

He didn’t respect the attitude of patients towards illness and death.

The differences between Xiao Yan and Atractylodes macrocephala make us realize that-

Medicine is not only a formulaic science, but alsoAnthropology with temperature.

In addition to treating diseases, medicine should also pay attention to people’s actual situation and be familiar with complex human nature and emotions.

In this way, medicine can not only repair the body, but also comfort the soul.

In EICU, difficult life and death choices are staged every day.

Do 90-year-olds need surgery, and do you want to tell the little girl that her illness is not cured? …..

All kinds of problems make the two concepts of saving lives collide constantly, so we can’t help but reflect together:

How should people live and how should they face death?

There are no standard answers to these questions, but in the process of seeking answers, we will eventually have a deeper understanding of our present life and grow up the courage and strength to face setbacks directly.

At first, I was worried that EICU would become a background board for men and women to fall in love.

But after chasing five episodes in one breath, the man and the woman did not occupy all the focus-

The dedicated "Lu Ma", the wonderful Xu Yiran, and the considerate head nurse Jiang Shan ….. each member of EICU is impressive. The stories of doctors and patients, patients and their families, doctors and their families are staged here in turn, constantly filling our views on life and death.

There is no dog blood, hard cp, and some are.A living person、True feelings, and rightThe aftertaste of life thinking.

Just like the white coat with buttons buttoned one by one, this time medical drama finally grasped the key and got the right taste.

The series has just started, and more touching stories are still on the way.

Of course, I am also curious:

When will Atractylodes macrocephala, whose mouth is harder than technology, bow its head to Xiao Yan for the first time?

Thank you doctor, don’t stop the medical debate, I love it!

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point"watching", strong and good! ↘↘↘

Is there absolute honesty in this world? There must be, like our bodies. We will feel happy when we are happy, and our bodies will send out signals when we are sick. One person has two chopsticks, three meals and four seasons, and the original pace of life is often disrupted. It is not easy to eat well, and it is even harder to live a poem.

Every time, when we feel stomachache, dull pain, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, fullness, etc., it is the stomach that tells us that it is uncomfortable. At this time, doctors usually recommend a test for Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a spiral, micro-anaerobically parasitic bacterium in the stomach, which adheres to the gastric mucosa and intercellular space. It was discovered by Australian scientists in 1983 and is a microorganism known to survive in the human stomach. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common bacterial infections. At present, the infection rate in China is over 50%.

The World Health Organization has clearly listed Helicobacter pylori as a first-class carcinogen, and the risk of gastric cancer of carriers is 4-5 times higher than that of ordinary people. At this time, active treatment, early prevention and early treatment, is very important for the health of the stomach. In China, Helicobacter pylori infection is still dominated by antibiotic therapy "triple therapy" and "quadruple therapy". However, the side effects of antibiotics in the treatment process are often unbearable, and the eradication rate of antibiotic therapy is also decreasing year by year. However, in the western European market dominated by Germany, people began to take oral specific probiotics as the main prevention and treatment means to eliminate Helicobacter pylori in the stomach.

If we look closely at the different products of Helicobacter pylori in the German market, it is not difficult to find that almost all of them are top-grade raw materials with the leading technology of microbial fermentation by Novozymes, and they are manufactured by controlled equipment, achieving the highest polymerization power. After fermentation, cells were collected, suspended with matrix and spray-dried at low temperature. With a hundred schools of thought contending, what’s the difference?

Option 1: Germany Pylopass Mono probiotic capsules.

First of all, PYLOPASS is the name of the raw material, which is the patented strain mentioned above. Because it was discovered and named soon, the trademark name was still marked with TM. Sinoplasan, the manufacturer, calls the mono version a low-grade version, because relatively speaking, mono only contains the effective ingredient of Lactobacillus reuteri patented by Pylopass, and they call it the Pylopass Forte advanced version, which contains vitamin B12 and olive leaf extract in addition to the probiotics, claiming that it has the function of nourishing the stomach.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is mostly caused by malabsorption, and dietary vitamin B12 deficiency is rare, except for perennial vegetarians. The effect of olive leaf extract on nourishing stomach is not clear.

60 capsules in a small bottle are for one month, and 180 capsules in a large bottle are for three months.

China: It’s on sale at a certain treasure, and the price is a bit confusing. There are 60 small bottles ranging from 280 to 550.

Applicable people: adults

Option 2: Germany Pylocura Peroku Probiotic Capsule.

There is no obvious difference in composition and administration method between Pylocura and the above Pylopass Mono. Pylopass patented Lactobacillus reuteri, an effective ingredient, is used, and the content of effective ingredients in each capsule is the same (200mg), and each bottle is 60 capsules, two capsules a day, and each bottle is taken for one month.

Retail price in Germany: 59.95 euros/bottle

China market retail price: 520 yuan RMB/bottle.

Applicable people: adults

Option 3: Germany Pylosan probiotic capsules

The effective components of Pylosan probiotic capsules are patented lactobacillus reuteri, zinc and vitamin B12. Among them, the content of Lactobacillus reuteri patented by Pylopass is the same as that of the previous products (both 200mg), the content of zinc is 5mg, which is about one third of the recommended daily intake (for adults), and the content of vitamin B12 is 1,25 μ g。

In addition, the outer packing has changed-it is boxed instead of bottled. Each box contains 60 capsules, 2 capsules a day, and one box is the dosage for one month.

German retail price: 35.32 euros/box.

Retail price in China: Not available at present.

Applicable people: adults

Youcuimei is the own brand of Heide Apotheke Hyde Pharmacy in Germany, and only their family divides this probiotic into two types: adults and children. Let’s start with the adult-type excellent PYLOMED AKUT probiotic candy chewable tablets.

The core component is also Lactobacillus Roy patented by Pylopass, and the effective component content is the same as that of the previous products (both 200mg). 60 tablets per bottle, 2 tablets a day, can be chewed like candy, and after eating, the mouth will have a slightly sweet taste and a fresh lemon mint aroma. In addition, as a candy chewable tablet, Xylitol is also added to Yosemite PYLOMED AKUT, which can clean the mouth, reduce bacteria and prevent dental caries.

Retail price in Germany: 39.95 euros

Retail price in China market: 328 yuan.

Applicable people: adults

Look at the version specifically for children-Germany Youcuimei Pylomed Mini probiotic candy chewable tablets:

The core ingredient is also the patented Lactobacillus reuteri of Pylopass, but the content is designed for children, which is half of the adult version (100mg). Xylitol has also been added to the Children’s Edition of Yosemite PYLOMED MINI, which can prevent tooth decay, which is very important for sweet children.

The packaging itself is much more lively than the adult version, and two big cherries also represent its sour and sweet taste.

Applicable people: children over 3 years old.

However, in the above optional products, there is no mention of what products mothers should choose during pregnancy and lactation. After comparison, Xiao Bian found that only Youcuimei Pylomed Akut probiotic candy chewable tablets were explicitly mentioned in the packaging of the above products. It says: Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation, please follow the doctor’s advice. The reason is that this product has not been studied in Germany for pregnant and lactating women, so there is a lack of relevant data. This also shows the rigor of the Germans from a specific angle.

In view of such a common infection of Helicobacter pylori, we should adhere to "correct understanding" and "early screening and early treatment", and the treatment plan and taking products should follow the advice of professional doctors. For people who meet any of the following five conditions, it is recommended to do Helicobacter pylori screening as soon as possible:

1. He is over 30 years old and has never done early screening.

2, frequent stomach pain, bloating, acid reflux, nausea, hiccups, vomiting, nausea, black stool and other symptoms.

3. The family has a history of stomach trouble or gastric cancer.

4. I have a history of gastropathy such as gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

aboutPylopass patent Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17648References:

1 Mehling H &Busjahn A. (2013) Non-viable Lactobacillus reuteri DSMZ 17648 (Pylopass) as a new approach to Helicobacter pylori control. Nutrients 5: 3062– 3073

2 Holz C et al. (2014) Significant reduction in Helicobacter pylori load in humans with non-viable Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17648: A pilot study. Probiotics &Antimicro. Prot. 7: 91– 100

3 Bordin DS et al. (2016) Efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus reuteri DSMZ 17648 in Helicobacter pylori infection with no indication for absolute eradication therapy. Therapist 5: www.lvrach.ru

4 Buckley M et al. (2018) The effect of Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation in Helicobacter pylori infection: a placebo-controlled, single-blind study BMC Nutrition (2018) 4:48 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-018-0257-4

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly established Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, as the party’s guiding ideology, and called on the whole party to enhance its theoretical self-confidence more consciously. Only by comparison can we identify. To enhance theoretical self-confidence, we need to examine it vertically from the historical dimension and compare it horizontally from the international perspective. Observing the miracle of China and China’s plan from a world perspective, reflecting on China’s experience and China’s wisdom, and realizing the truth, charm and practical power of China Theory, we have more reason and confidence to firmly believe in China Theory.

China’s Verification of "Great Prophecy" of Marxist Fate

Our theoretical self-confidence is our firm belief and confidence in Marxism. About the future and destiny of Marxism, before and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, there was a famous prophecy in the East and the West. First, in 1989, brzezinski, former assistant to the President of the United States for national security affairs, made a so-called "great prediction" of "abandoning Marxism-Leninism" and the demise of communism in his book "The Great Failure-The Rise and Fall of Communism in the Twentieth Century"; Another is that in the spring of 1992, Deng Xiaoping made a prediction during his visit to southern China: "There will be more people in favor of Marxism in the world, because Marxism is a science. It uses historical materialism to reveal the law of the development of human society. "

Success in reality is the best theory, and no abstract dogma can argue with it. Under the background of drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the low tide of the international communist movement, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people of China to forge ahead along the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and constantly created the "China miracle" that attracted worldwide attention. Behind the "China Miracle" is the change of ideas, the leap of theory and the upgrade of strategy. In recent years, the international community’s attention to China has continued to heat up, and it has increasingly deepened from the superficial rapid economic growth to the deep-seated factors, one of which is China Theory. The Supreme Leader’s Talks on Governing the Country, which embodies the latest achievements of China Theory, has aroused enthusiastic response at home and abroad since it was published in September 2014. At present, it has been published in 21 languages, with a cumulative distribution of 6.42 million copies, and distributed to more than 160 countries and regions around the world. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great achievements have fully demonstrated the scientific guiding role of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, demonstrated the vitality and great value of Marxism in contemporary China, and made Marxism gain more and more people’s attention, recognition and belief.

China’s development is beyond the imagination of western prophets who sing down Marxism. Fukuyama, an American scholar who once put forward the "conclusion of the end of history", had to revise his view that "the effectiveness of the’ China model’ proves that western freedom and democracy are not the end of human historical evolution. The treasure house of human thought should have a place for China tradition ". Looking back today, Deng Xiaoping’s scientific prediction obviously quickly became a fact; Brzezinski and others described the failure of socialism in some countries as "the bankruptcy of Marxism", which was proved by the miracle of China to be just wishful thinking.

Lenin once said: "The magical prophecy is a myth, but the scientific prophecy is a fact." The opposite outcome of the two kinds of predictions about Marxism not only reflects that Marxism has great vitality and truth power that will not be weakened by slander, but also shows that enhancing self-confidence in Marxist theory is an inevitable requirement to promote the socialist cause and a rational choice to conform to the historical trend. As far as scientificity, truth, influence and communication are concerned, no ideological theory can reach the height of Marxism, and no theory can have such a great impact on the world as Marxism. It is true that on the new journey, Marxism has to undergo new tests and achieve new development in new practice. However, no matter how the international situation changes, we must strengthen our confidence in Marxist theory and guide new practice with developing Marxism, which is an important revelation of history.

China’s Answer to "Global Problems"

The theory comes from the problem, and the charm and appeal of the theory comes from solving the problem. Adhering to the problem orientation and paying attention to using scientific theories to understand and solve contradictory problems are the scientific methodology of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s handling of China ships and the distinctive features of the Party’s innovative theory.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is a sharp ideological weapon to solve the contemporary "China issue". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have always engaged in revolution, construction and reform in order to solve the practical problems in China." Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has consciously regarded Marxism as a scientific guide to understand and solve the "China issue", constantly promoted the China of Marxism, and continued to answer China questions such as "stand up", "get rich" and "get strong", exploring and finally finding the road to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Fundamentally speaking, the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era was founded with a view to solving the contemporary China issue, and it was also constantly innovated and developed in the process of continuously answering the China issue, with distinctive China characteristics, China style and China style.

The China problem solved by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is often a common problem faced by mankind. With the development of economic globalization and world multipolarization, countries are facing many common or similar problems in their development progress. Global problems, global risks and hegemonism in the process of globalization pose great challenges to all countries, especially developing countries. The development of China is more and more closely linked with the development of the world. There are differences and similarities between the "China issue" and the "global issue", and the international community has paid more and more attention to China’s role in solving global issues. Sandschneider, director of the German Institute for Foreign Policy Organizations, said: "Without Beijing’s participation, any global problem cannot be solved."

When China solves its own problems, it will have a stronger ability to solve global problems, and it will also have a stronger ability to provide ideas and methods for solving global problems. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, from the goal of "two hundred years" to the guidance of "Chinese dream", from the overall layout of "five in one" to the strategic layout of "four comprehensive", from changing the mode of economic development to implementing the new development concept, from achieving the goal of strengthening the military to building a world-class army, from reform and opening up to building a new type of international relations with win-win cooperation as the core, and so on. These successful practices, known as the "China Experience", condense our Party’s unremitting exploration for nearly a century and its ruling experience for nearly 70 years, and are excellent answers to the China issue. A scientific summary and theoretical promotion of these "China experiences" can better understand the complicated international chess game, cut to the dilemma of contemporary human development, and put forward a unique, scientific and feasible China model for solving global problems. As the locomotive of global economic growth, the ballast stone of international system reform, and the booster of world peace and stability, China has more and more influence in the process of global governance, and the more abundant the theoretical self-confidence we have.

The epochal significance of "China Theory"

The real content of all epoch-making systems was formed due to the needs of the period when these systems were produced. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is not only a major innovation of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s guiding theory, but also promotes the theory of scientific socialism to a new height and the contemporary global governance strategy to a new level, which has accumulated valuable experience for the development of world socialism and provided important reference for developing countries to move toward modernization.

The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is distinctive, leading and original, which embodies the spirit of today’s times. In September 2015, when attending the United Nations Development Summit, the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Looking around the world, peace and development are still the two major themes of today’s era. To solve various global challenges, the fundamental way out is to seek peace and achieve development." The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era is a combination of historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic of China’s revolution, construction and reform, and it is a new theoretical leap, a new guide for action and a new weapon for struggle to guide Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause. At the same time, it "reveals the law of the development of human society by using historical materialism", abandons the law of the jungle, transcends the zero-sum game, and puts forward "China Proposition" and "China Plan" such as building the Belt and Road and building a community of human destiny, which embodies the international consensus, especially the voices of developing countries, points out the fundamental way to solve the major problems facing mankind, such as war, poverty and common development, contributes new impetus to world peace and draws a new blueprint for global development.

In solving the common problems faced by mankind, China Theory has shown comparative advantages in the exchange and competition with other theories of governing the country. China’s rapid modernization in such a short time and in such a large-scale country has created an "economic miracle" unprecedented in human history, opened up a unique road to modernization in the world, surpassed the drawbacks of the "Soviet model" and broke the myth of the western development path. Martin jacques, a British scholar, said frankly that the development path of China is fundamentally different from that of the West, and the rise of China is the rise of a new "modernization model". Remo, who put forward the "Beijing Consensus", said: "China’s economic development model is not only suitable for China, but also an example for developing countries pursuing economic growth and improving people’s lives." Joseph nye, who put forward the concept of "soft power", said: "More importantly, in the future, China’s political values, social development model and foreign policy practices will further resonate and influence the world public."

From an international perspective, strengthening theoretical self-confidence is an urgent need to answer the question of the times and an objective requirement to solve the problem of world peace and development. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era not only provides a scientific guide for advancing the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, but also makes outstanding contributions to highlighting the contemporary value of Marxism, developing Marxism in the 21st century and promoting the development and progress of human civilization. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s historic achievement, with ironclad facts, trumps all "eloquence", which is itself the most convincing declaration. We have reason to believe that China’s Marxism in the 21st century will surely show a stronger and more convincing force of truth. (Zhang Mingcang)

1905 movie network news Yesterday (April 24th), the Sunshine Group was exposed that the original brokerage firm believed in interaction and sent a lawyer’s letter, claiming that the Sunshine Group had violated the contract and participated in the talent show without authorization, and urged the program group to ban three people from participating.

Belief interaction believes that the lawsuit of canceling the contract with Sunshine has been appealed to the court for the second instance of the Third Intermediate People’s Court, but the two parties did not cancel the exclusive brokerage contract and the three left the company. Hot-handed culture insists that the three people have already terminated the contract with Faith, and they had another breach of contract lawsuit with Faith before. The referee Faith compensated 500,000 yuan, but the other party has not paid it yet. They have applied for enforcement, that is, applied for bankruptcy with Faith Interaction, and this matter is still in progress. The belief in this statement is that it is caused by Sunshine’s breach of contract and should be paid by three people. The person in charge of the hot hand culture also expressed dissatisfaction with the behavior of exposing the names of Abby, Cindy and Dora directly by faith interaction, saying: "This kind of violation of children’s privacy is very unkind."

It was not long after the competition that a contract dispute broke out, which inevitably made many netizens think of KUN, who made his debut in the same draft network. However, this time, the netizens who ate melons did not choose to stand in line. Most of them said, "Please be kind to these three girls." Some netizens said, "I thought it was a joke combination, but it turned out to be a real combination."

ji xianlin

　　Ji Xianlin, the word Xi Ji, and the word Qi Ling. Famous ancient philologist, historian, orientalist, thinker, translator, Buddhist and writer. He is proficient in 12 languages. He used to be a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, Vice President Peking University, and Director of South Asia Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences. Born on August 6, 1911 in Kangzhuang Town, Linqing City, Shandong Province.

　　Professor Peking University, Chairman of the Board of Directors of China Cultural Academy, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China linguist, literary translator, Sanskrit and Pali expert and writer. There are many achievements in the study of Indian Chinese literature history.

　　Grandfather Ji Laotai, father Ji Silian, mother Zhao, farmer. Uncle Ji Sicheng. When I was young, I learned to read with Ma Jinggong.

　　At the age of 6, he went to Jinan and went to his uncle Ji Sicheng. Go to a private school to study. After 7 years old, I studied in Xinyu Primary School attached to Shandong First Normal School. At the age of 10, I began to learn English. At the age of 12, he was admitted to Zhengyi Middle School and transferred to the high school attached to Shandong University six months later. I began to learn German in high school and became interested in foreign literature. At the age of 18, he transferred to the provincial Jinan High School. The Chinese teacher is Dong Qiufang, who is also a translator. "The reason why I have been dancing and writing for 50 or 60 years, and I still can’t put down my pen until now, is all thanks to Teacher Dong, which I will never forget."

　　In 1930, he was admitted to the Department of Western Literature in Tsinghua University, majoring in German. He studied the comparison of eastern and western poems, English and Sanskrit under Wu Mi and Ye Gongchao, and took elective courses such as Professor Chen Yinque’s Buddhist scripture translation literature, Zhu Guangqian’s literary psychology, Yu Pingbo’s Tang and Song poems and Zhu Ziqing’s Tao Yuanming’s poems. Make friends with classmates Wu Zuxiang, Lin Geng and Li Changzhi, and they are called "Four Musketeers". Among the students is Hu Qiaomu. I like "pure poetry", such as Vereland and Malarme. Verhaeren, parallel prose of the Six Dynasties, works by Li Yishan and Jiang Baishi. He has translated the works of Dreiser and Turgenev. During my college years, I won a scholarship awarded by my hometown Qingping county government with excellent grades.

　　In September, 1935, according to the agreement on postgraduate exchange between Tsinghua University College of Literature and Germany, Tsinghua enrolled postgraduate students in Germany for three years. Ji Xianlin was admitted and went to Germany immediately. Traveling with Qiao Guanhua in Berlin and the United States. In October, I arrived in G? ttingen to meet Zhang Yong, Tian Dewang, etc. Entering the University of G? ttingen, "I dream that I am in G? ttingen, … I can read some books and some words that have been glorious in ancient times and this glory will never be extinguished." "I don’t know if I can catch this dream. "("Ten Years in Germany ")

　　In the spring of 1936, Ji Xianlin chose Sanskrit. He believes that "Indian culture has been greatly influenced by Indian culture, so I will thoroughly study the cultural relationship between China and China, and maybe I can find something". Therefore, "you can’t read Sanskrit." "The road I have to take all my life has finally been found. I have walked along this road for more than half a century until now, and I will go on." (Eleven Years in Germany) "Fate allowed me to strengthen my faith." Ji Xianlin majored in Indian studies and studied Sanskrit and Pali at the Sanskrit Institute of University of G? ttingen. English linguistics and Slavic linguistics are selected as subsidiary departments, and Yugoslav language is added. Ji Xianlin studied under Professor Waldschmitt, the host of the Sanskrit Lecture and a famous Sanskrit scholar, and became his only listener. There are more than 40 classes in a semester, and Ji Xianlin studies very hard. The Buddhist scripture "Great Events" has three thick volumes, which are written in mixed Sanskrit. He races against time and devotes himself to reading and writing. "Turn on the electric light to continue, and stay in poverty forever".

　　From December 1940 to February 1941, Ji Xianlin got four "excellent" in thesis defense and Indian studies, Slavic language and English exams, and obtained a doctorate. Because of the war, there was no way to return home, so I had to stay in Columbia. In October, I worked as a teacher in the Institute of Sinology at the University of G? ttingen, while continuing to study the mixed Sanskrit of Buddhism, and published many important papers in the Journal of the Academy of Sciences of G? ttingen. "This is the golden age of my academic life, and I haven’t seen it since." Postdoctoral years, it is the eve of the collapse of fascism, Germany is short of material, and Ji Xianlin, a foreigner, is inevitably struggling in the "hunger hell", suffering from the war disaster like the German people. As an overseas traveler, I have a deep affection for my hometown, especially feeling that "when there is poverty in the corner of the world, there is only endless lovesickness", and the thoughts of my motherland and my family are lingering day and night. "I look down at the gray sky, and in tears, I conjure up my mother’s face."

　　In 1941, he received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of G? ttingen. Later, he studied under linguist e. Sikh studies Tohoku.

　　In October, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, he hurried to the road and returned to Switzerland, "just like a dream of spring, it flew over in ten years". After leaving G? ttingen for 35 years, in 1980, Ji Xianlin led a social science delegation from China to visit the city again, and then called on the 83-year-old Waldschmitten to meet each other like a dream. Later, he made a touching famous article "Return to Gottingen".

　　In May 1946, he arrived in Shanghai and went to Nanjing, where he met Li Changzhi again. After Li introduced him, he met the essayist Liang Shiqiu and the poet Cang Kejia. In Nanjing, he paid a visit to Chen Yinque, the mentor of Tsinghua’s period. Chen recommended him to teach in Peking University, and then he paid a visit to Fu Sinian, the acting principal of Peking University in Nanjing. Autumn, back to Peiping, called on Tang Yongtong, Dean of Peking University College of Literature.

　　From 1946 to 1983, he was hired by Peking University as a professor and head of the Department of Oriental Languages and Literature, and founded the Department in Peking University. Colleagues include Ma Jian, an Arabic linguist, and Jin Kemu, an Indian scientist. After liberation, he continued to be a professor and head of the Department of Oriental Studies at Peking University, engaged in department affairs, scientific research and translation. Anna seghers’s Collection of Short Stories (1955) has been published in German, and the Sanskrit literary works have been translated into Chinese, including Indian Galindo Sagondaro (script, 1956), Indian ancient fable story collection, Five Books (1959) and Indian Galindo’s You Li Po Shi (script, In February 1956, he was appointed as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences. In 1954, 1959 and 1964, he was elected as the second, third and fourth members of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. He visited India, Myanmar, East Germany, the former Soviet Union, Iraq, Egypt, Syria and other countries as the cultural emissary of China. During the Cultural Revolution, he was brutally persecuted by the Gang of Four and its Beijing minions. In 1978, he returned and continued to serve as the head of the Department of Oriental Languages in Peking University, and was appointed as the vice president of Peking University and the director of South Asian Institute in Peking University. Elected as a member of the Fifth Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. In 1983, he was elected as the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People’s Congress.

　　In 1956, he was a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences. He was once a member of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the head of the foreign language and literature review group, the president of the second Chinese Language Society, the president of the China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association, the honorary president of the Chinese National Ancient Characters Research Association, the representative and standing member of the 6th National People’s Congress, the member of the editorial board of Encyclopedia of China and the director of the editorial board of Language and Characters Volume. His academic achievements are most prominent in the study of Indo-European languages in the Middle Ages. His main works are: The Displacement of Finite Verbs in the Ode to the Great Event (in 1941, he systematically summarized the various morphological adjustments of verbs in mixed Sanskrit used in the Ode to the Great Event in Hinayana Buddhism), and The transformation of suffix -am to -o and -u in Middle Indian languages (in 1944, It has been found and proved that the conversion of the suffix -am to -o and -u is one of the characteristics of Kendra in the northwest Indian dialect in Middle Ages), Language Problems of Primitive Buddhism (1985) (the existence of Primitive Buddhist Scriptures, the language policy of Primitive Buddhism, the historical origin and characteristics of Buddhist mixed Sanskrit, etc.), and Tuhuoluo Texts of Prince Fuli’s Karma Sutra (various variants of Tuhuoluo Texts) As a literary translator, his translations mainly include: Shagongdaro (1956), Five-volume Book (1959), Youliposhi (1959) and Ramayana (7 volumes,1980 ~ 1984), anna seghers’s Short Stories, etc. As a writer, his works mainly include Tianzhu Heart Shadow (1980), Langrun Collection (1981), Ji Xianlin Prose Collection (1987) and Miscellaneous Memories of the Cowshed.

　　From 1978 to 1984, he served as the vice president of Peking University. His works have been compiled into Collected Works of Ji Xianlin, with a total of 24 volumes.

　　In 1988, he served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of China Cultural College. He has visited Germany, Japan and Thailand as a scholar.

　　Mr. Ji has been teaching at Peking University for many years, and he has profound attainments in linguistics, culturology, history, Buddhism teaching, Indian studies and comparative literature. He has studied and translated Sanskrit works and many classics from Germany and Britain, and now he insists on reading and writing every day even in the ward.

　　Mr Ji Xianlin is admired not only for his knowledge, but also for his character. He said: Even in the most difficult times, he did not lose his conscience. His book is not only a portrayal of the old gentleman’s personal life, but also a reflection of the course of intellectuals in China in the past century. Ji Xianlin’s "Miscellaneous Notes on His Sick Bed" has been released recently. In the book, Mr. Ji Xianlin used insightful words to clarify for the first time what he thought of the three laurels "Master of Chinese Studies", "Academic Leader" and "National Treasure" that had been "added" to his head by the outside world in recent years. He said: "I was freed from the three laurels. The foam on my body was washed away, revealing my true face and everyone was happy. "

　　Since the late 1970s, he has held academic posts: Vice President of China Foreign Literature Society (1978), President of South Asia Society of China (1979), Honorary President of China Society of Ethnography (1980), President of China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association (1981), President of Chinese Language Society (1983), Vice President of Dunhuang Turpan Society of China (1983) and History of China. Vice President of China Higher Education Society (1984), Director of China Writers Society (1985), Honorary President of China Comparative Literature Society (1985), President of China Asian-African Society (1990), etc. In April 1998, Miscellaneous Memories of Cowshed was published (draft from March 1988 to April 1989, finalized in June 1992). The publishing industry believes that "this is a book written with tears and blood." This is the best gift left by a generation of masters to future generations. " Ji Xianlin’s academic research, in his own words, is: "Brahma, Buddhism and Tuhuoluowen are studied simultaneously, while China literature, comparative literature and literary theory are studied in Qi Fei.

　　He was one of the winners of "Touching China in 2006"

　　Ji Xianlin is a famous contemporary linguist. Prose writer An expert in the study of oriental culture. He is known as a "master in academic circles" because of his extensive knowledge of the past and the present.

　　Joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1956.

　　In 1930, he was admitted to Tsinghua University Western Language Department.

　　After graduating in 1934, he taught at Shandong Provincial High School in Jinan.

　　In 1935, he was admitted to Tsinghua University as an exchange graduate student, went to Germany to study, and studied Sanskrit, Pali, Tuhuoluo and other ancient languages at the University of G? ttingen.

　　Received a doctorate in philosophy in 1941.

　　Returning to China in 1946, he served as Professor Peking University, Professor and Head of the Department of Oriental Languages and Literature.

　　The scope of Ji Xianlin’s academic research:

　　1。 Ancient Indian languages, especially Buddhist Sanskrit.

　　2。 tu huo luo wen

　　3。 Ancient Indian literature

　　4。 History of Indian Buddhism

　　5。 History of Buddhism in China

　　6。 History of Buddhism in Central Asia

　　7。 Tang Shi

　　8。 History of Sino-Indian Cultural Exchange

　　9。 History of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries

　　10。 Differences and commonalities between Chinese and western cultures

　　Eleven. Aesthetics and China’s Ancient Literary Theory

　　Twelve. German and western literature

　　Thirteen. Comparative literature and folk literature

　　14。 Prose and essay creation

　　This classification is only a general situation. Ji Xianlin’s academic achievements are summarized by Professor Zhang Guanglin and Mr. Ling Ke from the Department of Oriental Studies in Peking University. Ji Xianlin’s academic achievements generally include the following 10 aspects: (1) Research on the ancient Indian language-the change of finite verbs in the great event, the suffix -am, the transformation to -o and -u in the Middle Indian language, and the use of indefinite past tense as the standard for determining the age and source of Buddhist scriptures. (2) Study of Buddhist History-He is one of the few Buddhist teaching scholars at home and abroad who can really use the original Buddhist scriptures to study. He combines the study of the changing law of Indian medieval language with the study of Buddhist history to find out the generation, evolution and spread of major Buddhist classics, so as to determine the generation and spread of important Buddhist factions; (3) Research on Toxophone Language-The early representative work "Parallel Versions of Toxophone Scripts of Prince Fuli" created a successful method for the semantic research of Toxophone Language. Since 1948, it has been translating and interpreting the Toxophone script "Meeting with Maitreya" collected in Xinjiang Museum, and in 1980, it has also published the newly discovered Toxophone language A "Meeting with Maitreya" in Turpan, Xinjiang in the 1970s. (4) Research on the history of cultural exchange between China and China-Issues on the time and place of’s paper and papermaking methods being imported into India, Preliminary Study on the issue of Indian silk being imported into India, etc.As well as the argument that some components of The Journey to the West originated from India, it shows that Chinese and Indian cultures "learn from each other, have their own innovations, interact with each other and penetrate each other"; (5) Research on the history of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries-Edited Notes on the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty and Modern Translation of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty in the 1980s, and wrote a Preface to the Notes of 100,000 words, which is an important achievement in the research of the history of the western regions in China for decades. The Sugar History completed in 1996 shows ancient China, India, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, Southeast Asia, and Europe and Europe. (6) Translation and introduction of Indian literary works and Indian literary studies-Ramayana is one of the two ancient epics, with more than 20,000 poems and more than 90,000 lines translated into Chinese. After 10 years of unremitting efforts, Ji Xianlin finally finished the translation, which is an unprecedented event in the history of translation in China; (7) Comparative Literature Research-In the early 1980s, he first advocated the restoration of comparative literature research and called for the establishment of the China School of Comparative Literature, which made great contributions to the revival of comparative literature in China; (8) The study of oriental culture began in the late 1980s, and it strongly advocated the study of oriental culture, and edited the large-scale cultural series "Integration of Oriental Culture", with more than 50O species and more than 8OO volumes, which is expected to be completed in 15 years; (9) Preserving and rescuing the ancient books and records of the motherland-in the 1990s, serving as the chief editor of two giant series, namely, "Sikuquanshu preserved catalogue series" and "handed down books"; (10) Prose creation-since I wrote prose at the age of 17, I have been writing for decades.There are more than 800,000 words. When celebrating Ji Xianlin’s 88th birthday, Zhong Jingwen said, "The highest realm of literature is simplicity, and Mr. Ji’s works have reached this realm. He is simple because he is sincere. " "I love my husband’s good writing, as an old saying goes."

　　Since the late 1980s, Ji Xianlin has put forward many personal opinions and judgments on important issues such as culture, China culture, East-West cultural system, East-West cultural exchange, and human culture in the 21st century, which has aroused widespread concern at home and abroad.

　　Note: Ji Xianlin: Winner of Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation Culture.

　　Introduction to awards

　　"Lifelong Achievement Award for Translation Culture" was established by the decision of the fifth executive meeting of the fifth session of translators association of china in 2006. This is the first award issued by translators association of china. This honorary award is not a permanent award. It is awarded to a living, influential and respected translator who has made outstanding achievements in translation and cultural communication. On September 26th, 2006, at the age of 95, Mr. Ji Xianlin became the first winner of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Translation Culture.

　　Ji Xianlin, born in August 1911, was born in Qingping County (now Linqing City). Famous linguist, translator, educator and social activist. In 1930, he joined the Department of Western Literature in Tsinghua University, majoring in English literature and studying German and French literature. At the same time, he took courses in the translation of Buddhist scriptures by Mr. Chen Yinque and the literary psychology of Mr. Zhu Guangqian, and devoted himself to the translation of foreign literary works and prose creation after school. In 1935, he was admitted to Tsinghua University as an exchange graduate student with Germany, and then he went to the University of G? ttingen in Germany to study Indian studies. In 1941, he received a doctorate in philosophy. He returned to China in 1946 and served as Professor Peking University, Head of the Department and Vice President of Peking University.

　　After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Ji Xianlin was elected to the first Beijing Municipal People’s Congress, the second, third, fourth and fifth Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Committee members, and was elected to the Sixth National People’s Congress in 1983. Since the same year, he has served as the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People’s Congress and enjoyed a high social reputation. He has also served as a member of China Character Reform Committee, member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and head of foreign language and literature review group, president of Chinese Language Society, president of China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association, member of Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, executive director of China Historical Society, director of Chinese Writers Association, vice president and honorary director of translators association of china, vice president of China Foreign Literature Society, president of South Asia Society of China, and president of Dunhuang Turpan Society of China. Honorary President of China National Ancient Characters Research Association, Honorary President of China Comparative Literature Society, Member of the Editorial Board of Encyclopedia of China, President of China Oriental Culture Research Association, Consultant of international confucian association, President of Asia-Africa Society, Honorary President of Macau Cultural Research Association, etc. He is one of the founders of translators association of china, and was elected honorary president of China Translation Association in November 2004 at the Fifth National Council Meeting of China Translation Association.

　　For decades, Ji Xianlin has worked hard in the research and translation of English, German, Sanskrit and other literary works, with nearly four million words published. His main works include Essays on the History of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations, A Brief History of India, A Preliminary Study of Ramayana, Essays on Ancient Indian Languages, Buddhism and Sino-Indian Cultural Exchanges, A Concise History of Oriental Literature, History of Sugar, Translation and Interpretation of Tuhuoluowen (Meeting with Maitreya) and so on. Main translations: On Indian by Marx, Collection of anna seghers’s Short Stories, etc. Translated from Sanskrit, there are the famous ancient Indian epic Ramayana (seven volumes), the famous Indian dramas Shagongdaro and Youliposhi, and the ancient Indian folk story collection Five Books, etc. Translated from English, such as "Tagore in the Family" by Matriere devi. In addition, Ji Xianlin has edited books such as Sikuquanshu Catalogue Series, Handed down Books, Integration of Chinese Culture, Integration of Oriental Culture, etc.

　　The main awards won are:

　　In 1986, the collection of essays on ancient Indian languages won the first scientific research achievement award in Peking University.

　　In 1987, the collection of essays "Language Problems of Primitive Buddhism" won the honorary award of outstanding achievements in philosophy and social sciences and policy research in Beijing.

　　In 1989, state language commission awarded the honorary certificate of "thirty years of language and writing work".

　　In 1990, the collection of essays on the history of Sino-Indian cultural relations won the "Honorary Award for Works" in the first national comparative literature book awards.

　　In 1992, the editor-in-chief of "Notes on the Records of the Western Regions of Datang" won the first national ancient books sorting book award.

　　In 1992, Sanskrit University in varanasi awarded the highest honor award "Certificate of Commendation".

　　In 1997, The History of Oriental Linguistics, the editor-in-chief, won the third National Book Award.

　　In 1997, The History of Indian Ancient Literature won the second prize of the national teaching achievement, and in 1999, it won the second prize of the excellent achievement prize of the National Social Science Foundation project.

　　In 1998, Tehran University awarded an honorary doctorate.

　　In 1999, The Collected Works of Ji Xianlin (24 volumes) won the 4th National Book Award.

　　In 2000, the monograph "The Track of Cultural Exchange-The History of Chinese Sugar" won the Yangtze River Reading Award "Expert Works Award".

　　In 2000, he obtained a gold certificate of doctoral degree from the University of G? ttingen, Germany.

　　On September 26th, 2006, Ji Xianlin was awarded the "Lifetime Achievement Award of Translation Culture" at the International Translation Day and Senior Translator Commendation Conference of China Translation Association. Mr. Ji Xianlin’s character was admired, not only because of his knowledge, but also because of his character. He said: Even in the most difficult times, he did not lose his conscience. His book is not only a portrayal of the old gentleman’s personal life, but also a reflection of the course of intellectuals in China in the past century. Ji Xianlin’s "Miscellaneous Notes on His Sick Bed" has been released recently. In the book, Mr. Ji Xianlin used insightful words to clarify for the first time what he thought of the three laurels "Master of Chinese Studies", "Academic Leader" and "National Treasure" that had been "added" to his head by the outside world in recent years. He said: "I was freed from the three laurels. The foam on my body was washed away, revealing my true face and everyone was happy. "

　　This newspaper specially extracts several paragraphs from Ji Lao’s words to see how the 97-year-old man treats the brilliant aura that covers his head-

　　■ The word "Master of Chinese Studies"

　　"Look around, my friend China is better than his own, and there are many people. Under such circumstances, I have monopolized the title of’ Master of Chinese Studies’, and I am not old! "

　　Now, in some more formal documents, there is also a brilliant aura of "master of Chinese studies" above my head. This is not out of thin air, which has a historical origin.

　　About ten or twenty years ago, China’s reform and opening up achieved great results and its economy developed rapidly. Cultural construction has also become active accordingly. Once, a meeting was held in the Peking University lecture hall, which has not been rebuilt, to talk about Chinese studies to the students. At that time, there were five professors sitting on the rostrum, and everyone gave a talk. I was ranked first, and now I have forgotten what I said. A senior reporter, an alumnus of Peking University, wrote a long article in the newspaper "The upsurge of Chinese studies quietly rises in Yanyuan". Since then, four of the professors, including me, have been called "masters of Chinese studies". All three of them have a much stronger foundation in Chinese studies than I do. I don’t know what they think of this laurel. I was crowned this laurel myself, but I got goose bumps all over.

　　Speaking of the basics of Chinese studies, I have been studying classics, ancient prose and poetry since primary school. I have dabbled in some important classic works. But I have never worked hard on any classic or writer, because I never wanted to be a sinologist. Later, he devoted himself to other academics and was immersed in them. Besides being able to recite hundreds of poems and dozens of ancient prose; Apart from being able to talk about some issues related to Chinese studies, such as the unity of man and nature, at the largest macro level, my knowledge of Chinese studies has not increased. Looking around, there are many friends who learn the basics of China better than themselves. Under such circumstances, I actually monopolize the title of "Master of Chinese Studies", so I’m not ashamed of my old age (to borrow the words of Peking Opera actresses)! I am not even a "master of Chinese studies", let alone a "master"!

　　To this end, I am here to tell the world: please take the crown of "master of Chinese studies" from my head.

　　■ Two words "academic masters"

　　"Such a person, gusher all over the world is also. However, now it happened that I was "beaten" into a master. Where do I start with this master? "

　　This should be divided into two levels: one is education and the other is humanities and social sciences.

　　First of all, we must figure out what "master" means. Thai, Taishan also; Fighter, Beidou also. Both are considered supreme things.

　　Just talk about education. I have been a teacher all my life, climbing grids. Teaching abroad for 10 years and at home for 57 years. People often say: "No credit, but also hard work." Especially in the past few decades, the general purpose of exercising every day and doing new things is to make you restless and nervous all the time. Under such circumstances, I have been working as an administrator, so it’s hard to make any achievements! Where do I start as a "master"?

　　It is not true that I have made great achievements in the research of humanities and social sciences. It is not true to say that I have no grades at all. Such people, talkative people are all over the world. However, now it happened that I was "beaten" into a master. Where do I start as a master?

　　To this end, I am here to tell the world: please take the crown of "academic (technical) master" from my head.

　　■ Three words "national treasure"

　　"Is it because China has only one Ji Xianlin, so he becomes a" treasure "? However, China’s Zhao Yiqian, Sun San and Li Si, and so on, all have only one. Can China have 1.3 billion’ national treasures’? "

　　In China, when it comes to "national treasure", people will immediately think of the cuddly giant panda that everyone loves. The number of this kind of animal is very small, and it is only found in China. It is called a "national treasure" and it is well deserved. However, about 80 or 90 years ago, at a meeting, a leader in Beijing suddenly called me a "national treasure", and I was extremely amazed. Today, wherever I go, the voice of "national treasure" is resounding. I’m really puzzled. Of course, the crown of "national treasure" is not monopolized by me alone. Several other famous painters and calligraphers also have this title.

　　I want to explore the origin of the name. Is it because there is only one Ji Xianlin in China that he becomes a "treasure"? However, China’s Zhao Yiqian, Sun San Li Si and so on, all have only one. Can China have 1.3 billion "national treasures"?

　　This kind of thing, wishful thinking is useless and completely unnecessary. I came to a screeching halt.

　　To this end, I am here to tell the world: please take the crown of "national treasure" from my head.

　　I won three laurels and gave me a freedom. The foam on my body was washed away, revealing my true colors, and everyone was happy.

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